The PC-SIG Library 10/The PC-Sig Library - Shareware for the IBM PC and Compatibles (PC-SIG)(Tenth Edition Disks 1-2804)(1991).iso/PC_SIGCD/03/1/DISK0313.ZIP/IPM.DOC

Text File | 1986-11-07 | 13KB | 289 lines

IPM.PAS & IPM.COM - Version 1.07B- November, 1986
(c) 1984, 1986 by Edward V. Dong, All Rights Reserved.


                         Programmed by:
                         Edward V.  Dong
                     12205 Alexandria Place
                         Chino, CA 91710

1.0   GENERAL

IPM.COM  is  a  Critical  Path  Method  Project  Scheduler.   The
Critical  Path  Method  is  a  methodology  for  determining  the
critical  tasks  that,  if  not  accomplished  by a certain time,
contribute  directly  to  the  delay  of  the whole project.  You
should refer to various books on the subject.

This version was prompted as a result  of  some  bug  reports  on
version  1.06a.  A version 1.07 was previously distributed;  this
version  1.07b  is  a MINOR update and bug fix.  The bug was that
SLACK was not computed properly.

1.1  RIGHT  TO  USE THIS SOFTWARE.  The software, IPM.COM, may be
used as is, by anyone  for  private  purposes  only.   Commercial
users  should contact the address above for the right to use this
software.  No claim is made for the veracity  of  this  software,
and  no warranty, guarantee or other bond is expressed or implied
about the use of this software.  No user may sell  this  software
in  any  form,  other than for the cost of materials and mailing,
without the express, written consent of Edward V.  Dong.

This  software  and  documentation is copyright (c) 1984, 1986 by
Edward V. Dong, all rights reserved.

You are encouraged to share and  copy  this  software  otherwise.
Contributions  ($15  for example) and comments should be directed
to the above address.

1.2 REQUIREMENTS.  IPM will run in a minimum of 128K,  under  DOS
2.X,  and  3.1.   Originally  written  in  Turbo Pascal 1.0 (this
version compiled, however, under Turbo 3.0), IPM requires an  IBM
PC,  XT,  PC-3270,  or AT, or a close PC compatible that supports
IBM BIOS ROM calls.  It  should  run  with  or  without  a  color
graphics board.

The  maximum  number  of  activities  that it will handle, is 100
(actually 99), determined by the constant MaxValue in the  source
code IPM.PAS.

Various calculations and plots can be printed to an  EPSON  or  a
compatible  printer,  by first outputing them to a disk file, and
then  printing  those  files.   Basic  calculation  data  can  be
exported as a .PRN file to Lotus 1-2-3.

1.3  THEORY  OF  OPERATIONS.   Briefy,  the  CPM theory is that a
project is composed of tasks or activities that are arranged in a
pattern  or  network,  where  some  tasks  may  be  performed  in
parallel.

If two tasks are being performed in parallel, then the  one  that
takes  longer  to  do,  is  termed "critical".  It is "critical",
because a delay in that task directly contributes to the delay of
the whole project.  A delay in the other task -- as long as it is
completed before the longer task -- does not.  The difference  in
completion time is called "slack".

The idea in project scheduling and management is to arrange these
tasks, and to monitor them,  so  that  the  time  for  the  whole
project is kept as short as possible, or the resources needed for
the project is "levelled".  That is, you  don't  want  to  spend,
say, 6 men for 2 weeks on one part of the project, and only use 1
man for the remaining 12 weeks of  the  project;   rather,  as  a
manager,  you want to spread your manpower (or other resource) as
evenly as possible, because it becomes easier to manage.

1.4  BACKGROUND.   IPM was originally coded because of, first, an
admiration  for  the  Harvard  Project  Scheduler,  and,  second,
certain  deficiencies  in  the  HPM.   IPM indeed stands for "Ivy
League Project Manager".  While most features found  in  HPM  are
incorporated  into  IPM,  IPM  however  does  not have a calendar
function nor a project-tracking function.   These  may  be  added
later.

IPM  is  an  evolutionary  outgrowth  of  an  earlier  scheduling
program, written  by  E.   Dong,  called  CPM.COM.   CPM.COM  was
originally  coded  18  Sept  83  by  E.  Dong, based on the BASIC
version, 'Hard Hat Management:  Two On-Site  Tools',  by  Richard
Parry,  INTERFACE  AGE,  February, 1981.  It was first translated
into CIC86 'C', and then retranslated into Turbo Pascal, with the
last update on 24-Mar-84.

The  current  program, IPM.COM, was adapted from PRACTICAL PASCAL
PROGRAMS, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, by  Greg  Davidson,  (c)  1982  by
McGraw-Hill,  Inc.   However,  this  was extensively modified, as
this book did not address the creation of GANTT or PERT charts.

The algorithm for IPM's GANTT charts is based on that created for
CPM.COM,  while  the  algorithm  for  IPM's PERT charts was newly
created (in three days of intensive development).  A  semi-screen
editor was also created for IPM.COM.

2.0   STARTING IPM

Starting IPM is, after it has  been  copied  to  the  appropriate
disk,  to  type  IPM.   When  it  pops  up on the screen, it will
display a copyright logo, a brief text indicating  the  reference
to  Greg Davidson's book, and a brief description of how to enter
commands.

IPM is arranged so that line 25 (and occasionally, also line  24)
shows the current available commands.  You execute these commands
by typing the first letter (which should be high-lighted) and  no
carriage return.

Initially,  the  only  options  you have at startup are:  F(ile),
Q(uit), and H(elp).  QUIT returns you to DOS;  in some cases,  it
will  return  you  to  a  previous  command  menu  instead.  HELP
generates a quick summary of the basic commands  only.   FILE  is
the  command  that  you must enter first, in order to do anything
with IPM.

FILE allows you to specify the method of data  entry.   That  is,
you  can enter project data interactively at the console, or from
a file.  If you're using IPM for the first time, generally  there
would  be  no  files  for  IPM  to  use,  so  you must enter data
initially at the console directly.  FILE will prompt you for your
option.

You  should  have  a  minimum of four tasks to use IPM;  anything
else, would be a waste of time with IPM.

NOTE:   CPM  theory  works best if the number of tasks is GREATER
than the number of nodes.  A start node points to a  task,  which
points  to  another node, until the end node is reached.  Between
any two nodes, there may be any number of PARALLEL tasks.

Entering  necessary  input  data  is as follows.  First, IPM will
prompt:

Input from Console? (Y/N)

    Either an upper- or lower-case "y" or "n" may be entered.  If
    you  enter  "N",  then IPM will ask for the name of the file.
    This file must be in  the  current  subdirectory,  if  you're
    using DOS 2.0 or higher;  IPM isn't smart enough (right now!)
    to access across subdirectories.

    If you answer "Y", then IPM will ask:

Enter Project Title/Description:

    You can enter a  60-character  description  of  the  project.
    This  title  or  description  will  appear  at the top of the
    screen to let you know what project IPM is working on.

    Then, IPM will prompt for the number of tasks  that  comprise
    this project:

Enter Number of Tasks on this network:

    As  was  said before, you should have a minimum of four tasks
    to use IPM;  anything else, would be a  waste  of  time  with
    IPM.   Then the screen will clear, and display something like
    the following:

PROJECT: Sample -- Editing
----------------------------------------------------------------
Task Start  End
      Node Node  Duration  Cost Name/Description
    1    0    0    0.00   0.00    Task01
    2    0    0    0.00   0.00    Task02
    3    0    0    0.00   0.00    Task03
    4    0    0    0.00   0.00    Task04

    where "Sample" here is  the  project  title/description  that
    you've entered.  IPM tells you that you are in editing  mode,
    and  will have supplied a generic task name for the number of
    tasks you've indicated, such as "Task01".

    At this point, you will see a double command line (lines 24 &
    25).  You can use the command options (remember,  enter  only
    the  first or high-lighted letter of the option) to alter and
    enter the task data.

You should do the following:

    o IPM  assumes  that the first node is numbered "1", and that
      the last possible node is a number less than  or  equal  to
      the  total  number  of  tasks.  Therefore, you must specify
      "Start" and "End" nodes for each task.

    o "Duration" refers to the expected length of time  that  the
      task  should take.  No units are used, so you can use days,
      hours, minutes, or even seconds if you want.  However,  you
      should use the SAME unit of time (days, weeks, or whatever)
      for all entries.

To edit a line in the display, you must first enter  the  Taskno.
When  you  have done so, the line in the display will high-light.
Then you can change Duration, Task title, Task description,  etc.
The Task Title, however, is limited to 8 characters only.

You  can  insert either a new Task or a new Node.  If you enter a
new Node, you MUST specify a current Task number to go with  that
new Node.

To  finish  the editing, enter the command Q(uit).  IPM will then
prompt you if you want to save it to disk, and if so,  what  name
should it give the file.  If the file exists, IPM will ask you if
you want to overwrite (reuse) the file.

3.0  OPERATING IPM

Once you have entered the task data, you then have the following
options:

    CALCSHEET:  Calculate critical path, total project  duration,
    and cost.  You MUST run this option before doing...

    GANTT:  Build a GANTT chart on the console.  If the CalcSheet
    option was not exercised, then you will be prompted to do so.
    The GANTT chart is normalized, that  is,  the  time  line  is
    scaled to fit the CRT display.  The scaling is indicated.

    PLOT:   Build  a PERT network chart of the project.  Here you
    will see the tasks going from Node to Node, in  the  sequence
    that  you've  entered.  Since many managers and professionals
    need to see a PERT chart first, this option has the suboption
    of  Editing  as  well.   Then  you  will  go through the same
    editing as before, except that the Edit screen appears in the
    lower  half  of  the  CRT display, so you can see the current
    PERT network.  When you have  finished  editing,  the  screen
    will flicker once or twice, and then paint the new PERT chart
    that is the result of your editing.

    EDIT:  Edit tasks, as described above.

    FILE:  Once you have entered data (either from the console or
    from  disk), the next time you request F(ile), it will ask if
    you want to do a N(ew project) or to O(utput to  file).   See
    Section 4.0 below.

    QUIT:   Return  to  DOS.  IPM will NOT ask you if you want to
    save the current file, so be warned.

4.0  ADVANCED IPM FILE OPTIONS

After you have first entered data via F(ile), the next time (and
thereafter) you enable F(ile), it will ask you if you want to do
a N(ew project), O(utput to file), or Q(uit to main menu).

    N(ew project):  This is the same as if you were entering data
    for the first time to IPM.

    O(utput  to File):  When you select this option, you will see
    a new command menu line of C(alcSheet), G(antt), P(lot),  and
    L(otus).  For C, G, and P, you will first be prompted for the
    filename to send the output to;  this can be "LPT1:" for  the
    printer, but this is NOT encouraged.  (Save to file first, so
    you can use your text editor to modify the file for  whatever
    purpose.)

    L(otus):   This  option  outputs  the results of calculations
    into a file, which should be called  with  extension  ".PRN".
    Then  you  can  use Lotus 1-2-3 to IMPORT the file (using the
    NUMBERS option in Lotus), and  thus  generate  a  .WKS  file.
    Once  you've  done  that,  you  can now use the full power of
    Lotus on it.

    Q(uit):  Returns you to the main menu display.

The  file/printer  output  of the G(antt) and P(lot) options will
differ from the CRT display.  The reason for this, is  to  enable
the  use of any ASCII-supported printer;  except for IBM printers
and EPSON FX printers (with the  appropriate  fonts  downloaded),
the  IBM  display characters above ASCII code 128 decimal are not
uniformly supported.

5.0  USEFUL TIPS

IPM uses a normalized time scale.  That is, IPM does not  attempt
to   allocate  tasks  to  a  calendar  schedule,  although  this,
obviously,  is  a  prime  objective.   Thus,   you   should   use
"normalized"  time  units,  such as hours, days, or minutes;  you
should use minutes, for example, if you are using  this  to  plan
activities  that will span an eight-hour day or less;  hours, for
projects under a week;  and days for longer-lived projects.